Abraham Accords: a dated timeline
Dated milestones of the Abraham Accords, each linked to its source.
Draft, under review: this content has not yet been approved for publication.
The Abraham Accords Declaration commits signatories to "mutual understanding and coexistence" and to interfaith and intercultural dialogue among "the three Abrahamic religions and all humanity" (State Department text).
15 September 2020: Washington signing
The UAE and Israel established diplomatic relations on 15 September 2020 with the signing of the Abraham Accords (UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs). On the same day Bahrain and Israel signed the "Declaration of Peace, Cooperation, and Constructive Diplomatic and Friendly Relations", and both joined the UAE and the United States in signing the Abraham Accords Declaration (UN Treaty Series record).
18 October 2020: Israel–Bahrain Joint Communiqué, Manama
Bahrain and Israel signed a Joint Communiqué establishing diplomatic, peaceful and friendly relations, which entered into force on 10 December 2020 and was registered with the UN Secretariat on 9 March 2021 (UN Treaty Series). They also signed memoranda of understanding on trade, air services, agriculture, telecommunications and post, visas, financial services and chambers of commerce (White House joint statement; Embassy of Israel in Bahrain).
1–2 December 2020: further Israel–Bahrain agreements
The two countries signed memoranda on technical cooperation, innovation and small businesses, then a tourism agreement setting up a bilateral tourism forum (Embassy of Israel in Bahrain).
22 December 2020: Morocco–US–Israel Joint Declaration, Rabat
The declaration provides for direct flights and overflight rights, the immediate resumption of full official contacts, cooperation in trade, investment, technology, aviation, tourism, water, agriculture and energy, and the reopening of liaison offices in Rabat and Tel Aviv. It entered into force on signature (State Department treaty text; full text).
6 January 2021: Sudan signs the Declaration, Khartoum
Sudan's Justice Minister signed the agreement with the visiting US Treasury Secretary, according to the Sudanese prime minister's office. The same visit produced a memorandum on clearing Sudan's World Bank arrears (AP via PBS). The State Department publishes the Declaration signed for the Republic of Sudan (State Department PDF).
2021: UAE and Israeli embassies open
Embassies opened in Tel Aviv and Abu Dhabi in 2021 (UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
May 2022 to 1 April 2023: UAE–Israel CEPA
The UAE–Israel Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement was concluded in May 2022 and entered into force on 1 April 2023 (New Zealand MFAT).
2025: record UAE–Israel air links
About 1.53 million passengers travelled between the UAE and Israel in 2025, up from about 892,000 in 2024, and direct flights reached a record 136 a week (UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
6 November 2025: Kazakhstan announces its intention to join
Kazakhstan announced its intention to join the Abraham Accords (6 Nov 2025); signing pending. The State Department says the United States and Kazakhstan "intend to hold a signing ceremony to officially mark this significant decision" (State Department fact sheet, 7 Nov 2025).
Figures and dates were checked against the linked sources on 27 October 2026.