Trade and investment

What has happened since 2020

• 20 October 2020: the UAE and Israel signed an investment promotion and protection agreement, an economic cooperation MoU, a declaration of intent on financial services and a science and advanced technology MoU (WAM, 20 Oct 2020). The investment treaty entered into force on 27 December 2021 (UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub: Israel–UAE BIT).
• 31 May 2021: the UAE and Israel signed an agreement on avoiding double taxation, which applies in Israel from the 2022 tax year (Israeli Income Tax Order (Nevo)).
• 18 October 2020: Bahrain and Israel signed MoUs on economic and trade cooperation, finance and chambers of commerce (Embassy of Israel in Bahrain).
• 22 December 2020: Morocco and Israel committed to cooperation on trade, finance and investment (US State Department, Joint Declaration).
• 1 April 2023: the UAE–Israel CEPA entered into force (New Zealand MFAT, May 2023).

Verified figures

Cooperation by country pair

UAE–Israel

CEPA, investment treaty and tax treaty (MFAT; UNCTAD; Nevo).

Bahrain–Israel

Economic, finance and chambers of commerce MoUs, 2020 (Embassy of Israel).

Morocco–Israel

Trade and investment cooperation committed in the 2020 Joint Declaration (State Department).

Sudan

n/a. No verified source located yet.

What we still need to measure

• Bahrain–Israel and Morocco–Israel trade from national statistics offices (the Index currently uses AAPI figures awaiting link checks)
• Foreign direct investment stocks and flows in each pair
• Services trade

Further reading

• UAE MOFA: Israel–UAE relationship
• New Zealand MFAT, May 2023
• UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub: Israel–UAE BIT
• WAM, 20 Oct 2020

Checked against the linked sources on 27 October 2026. Figures show change over time, not cause.