STAND WITHABRAHAM

Independent research platform · Pilot edition

Facts on the Abraham Accords, sourced and verified. An independent platform against misinformation, antisemitism and extremism.

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Accords at a glance

Map of the Abraham Accords countriesIsrael, the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan are signatories; Kazakhstan announced it would join on 6 November 2025, signing pending. Lines connect Israel to each partner. Country shapes: Natural Earth (public domain).KazakhstanSudanIsraelUAEMoroccoIsraelUAEBahrainMoroccoSudanKazakhstan (joining)
IsraelSignatoriesJoining (signing pending)Click a country for its profile
15 Sep 2020
Accords signed at the White HouseSource: US State Dept
4 + Israel
Arab signatories; Kazakhstan joining (signing pending)Source: US State Dept
$3.25bn
UAE–Israel goods trade, 2024Source: UN Comtrade
136
Weekly UAE–Israel flights, 2025 (record)Source: UAE MOFA
1.53m

UAE–Israel air passengers, 2025

Source: UAE MOFA

892,000

UAE–Israel air passengers, 2024

Source: UAE MOFA

268,000

Israeli visitors to the UAE, 2022

Source: AAPI

24%

Accords countries’ share of Israeli defence export deals, 2022

Source: Israel MOD

The UAE and Israel established diplomatic relations on 15 September 2020 with the signing of the Abraham Accords. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsThe UAE and Israel opened embassies in Tel Aviv and Abu Dhabi in 2021. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsBahrain and Israel signed their Joint Communiqué establishing diplomatic relations on 18 October 2020, along with eight MOUs. Embassy of Israel in Bahrain (Israel MFA)The eight Bahrain–Israel MOUs of Oct 2020 covered trade, civil aviation, finance, telecoms and post, agriculture, foreign ministries, diplomatic visas and chambers of commerce. Embassy of Israel in Bahrain (Israel MFA)On 1 December 2020 Bahrain and Israel signed MOUs on technical cooperation, innovation, technology transfer and small and medium enterprises. Embassy of Israel in Bahrain (Israel MFA)Morocco, the US and Israel signed their Joint Declaration in Rabat on 22 December 2020. Joint Declaration text, 22 Dec 2020 (Jewish Virtual Library, from US State Department)The Morocco–US–Israel Joint Declaration provided for direct flights by Israeli and Moroccan airlines and for overflight rights. Joint Declaration text, 22 Dec 2020 (Jewish Virtual Library, from US State Department)Under the Joint Declaration, Morocco and Israel agreed to reopen their liaison offices in Rabat and Tel Aviv. Joint Declaration text, 22 Dec 2020 (Jewish Virtual Library, from US State Department)Sudan signed its Abraham Accords declaration in Khartoum on 6 January 2021, during the first visit by a sitting US Treasury Secretary. AP via PBS NewsHour, 6 Jan 2021Sudan hosted the 1967 Khartoum summit where Arab states vowed never to make peace with Israel. In 2021 it signed the Abraham Accords declaration. AP via PBS NewsHour, 6 Jan 2021Kazakhstan announced its intention to join the Abraham Accords in November 2025. Its signing is still pending. US State Department fact sheet, 7 Nov 2025UAE–Israel goods trade reached $3.209 billion in 2025, broadly stable compared with $3.254 billion in 2024. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsCumulative UAE–Israel merchandise trade reached about $14.53 billion between September 2020 and May 2026. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsUAE–Israel trade in January–May 2026 reached about $1.243 billion, around 1% higher year on year. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsIn 2025, UAE-to-Israel trade made up about 80% of bilateral merchandise trade between the two countries. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsPrecious stones and metals, optical and medical instruments and electrical machinery made up about 77% of Israeli exports to the UAE in 2025. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsThe UAE–Israel Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) entered into force on 1 April 2023. New Zealand MFAT market report, May 2023The UAE–Israel CEPA goods schedules covered 96% of tariff lines and 99% of the value of goods trade, according to the UAE Ministry of Economy. New Zealand MFAT market report, May 2023The UAE–Israel CEPA includes a chapter on small businesses with provisions to promote women-led SMEs. New Zealand MFAT market report, May 2023In most service sectors it covers, the UAE–Israel CEPA allows 100% equity ownership for companies from either country. New Zealand MFAT market report, May 2023Israel's reported goods trade with the UAE grew from about $0.23 million in 2019 to about $3.25 billion in 2024 (UN Comtrade). UN Comtrade (Israel-reported), 2019 and 2024Israel's reported goods trade with Morocco was about $70.7 million in 2019 and about $109.3 million in 2024 (UN Comtrade). UN Comtrade (Israel-reported), 2019 and 2024Direct UAE–Israel flights reached a record 136 a week, with about 120 a week in normal periods. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsUAE–Israel passenger traffic reached about 1.53 million in 2025, up about 71% from around 892,000 in 2024. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsIsrael and the UAE announced a mutual visa exemption in October 2020, and direct commercial flights began that November. World Jewish Congress: UAEAbu Dhabi's Abrahamic Family House has a mosque, a church and a synagogue, and opened to visitors on 1 March 2023. Abu Dhabi Media Office, 17 Feb 2023The three houses of worship at the Abrahamic Family House, designed by Sir David Adjaye, are each 30m deep, 30m wide and 30m tall. Abu Dhabi Media Office, 17 Feb 2023The synagogue at Abu Dhabi's Abrahamic Family House is named the Moses Ben Maimon Synagogue. Abu Dhabi Media Office, 17 Feb 2023The Abrahamic Family House was inspired by the Document on Human Fraternity, signed in Abu Dhabi in 2019 by Pope Francis and Grand Imam Ahmed El-Tayeb. Abu Dhabi Media Office, 17 Feb 2023The UN General Assembly proclaimed 4 February as the International Day of Human Fraternity in resolution 75/200. United Nations: International Day of Human FraternityThe UN's 2026 theme for the International Day of Human Fraternity is 'Dialogue Over Division'. United Nations: International Day of Human FraternityThe Israel Philharmonic Orchestra performed in the UAE for the first time in Abu Dhabi in 2022. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsThe UAE and Israeli football associations agreed to cooperate on friendly matches, workshops and professional exchange. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsThe Abraham Accords Padel Games at Expo 2020 Dubai brought participants from the UAE and Israel together through sport. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsThe UAE Embassy in Israel held its fourth Iftar in 2026, one of its Ramadan gatherings for officials, diplomats and faith leaders. UAE Ministry of Foreign AffairsThe Jewish Council of the Emirates estimates that about 1,000 Jews live in the UAE. It is the first new Jewish community in the Arab world in over a century. World Jewish Congress: UAEIn 2020, Hanukkah concerts and a candle-lighting ceremony were held at the foot of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. World Jewish Congress: UAEHouda Nonoo was Bahrain's ambassador to the US from 2008 to 2013, the first Jew in the Arab world to serve as an ambassador. World Jewish Congress: BahrainBahrain's Jewish community, centred in Manama, has a synagogue and a cemetery and is celebrated as part of the country's diversity. World Jewish Congress: BahrainMorocco has the largest remaining Jewish community in North Africa, with roots going back more than 2,000 years. World Jewish Congress: MoroccoMorocco's 2011 constitution recognised the rights of religious minorities, including the Jewish community. World Jewish Congress: MoroccoThe El Mellah Museum in Casablanca, which reopened in 2016, is described as the only Jewish museum in the Arab world. World Jewish Congress: MoroccoDuring WWII, Sultan Mohammed V of Morocco opposed Vichy laws singling out Jews, saying they were inconsistent with Moroccan law. World Jewish Congress: MoroccoIn April 2021, Emirates Health Services and Israel's Health Ministry signed an agreement covering pandemics, medical data protection, cybersecurity and AI. UAE MOFA, 24 Apr 2021On 25 October 2021 the UAE and Israel signed an MoU on mutual recognition of vaccination certificates. UAE MOFA, 25 Oct 2021The Negev Forum's six working groups cover clean energy, education and coexistence, food and water security, health, regional security and tourism. US State Department (archive), 27 Jun 2022The Negev Forum Steering Committee, with Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, the UAE and the US, first met in Manama on 27 June 2022. US State Department (archive), 27 Jun 2022

Fact-check

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False

Claim: Trade between Israel and the UAE collapsed after 7 October 2023.

What the evidence shows: UAE–Israel goods trade was US$3,254.1m (about $3.25bn) in 2024, according to UN Comtrade (Israel-reported). UAE MOFA reports $3.209bn for 2025.

Sources: UN Comtrade, UAE MOFA

False

Claim: The UAE has cut flights and people-to-people links with Israel.

What the evidence shows: UAE MOFA reports a record 136 weekly direct flights and about 1.53 million passengers in 2025, up about 71% on 2024 (c. 892,000).

Sources: UAE MOFA

Misleading

Claim: Kazakhstan joining the Accords means it is only now recognising Israel.

What the evidence shows: Kazakhstan announced its intention to join the Abraham Accords on 6 November 2025; the signing ceremony is still pending. It has had diplomatic relations with Israel since 1992 (AP), and its MFA says it still backs a two-state settlement.

Sources: US State Department, AP

Benefit Index · Pilot edition

Abraham Accords Benefit Index

Measuring progress with sourced data. Compare the 2019 baseline with the latest verified value.

Data and method

Draft, under review

Explore by country and sector

Choose a country and a sector to compare the 2019 baseline with the latest verified value. Where no verified figure exists, we say what is known and link the source instead of estimating.

Overall scores await method sign-off. Kazakhstan announced its intention to join on 6 November 2025; signing is pending.

Pilot data. No country or sector scores are published yet: only trade and travel have verified figures, and the scoring method is awaiting final decisions. Cells without a number say what is known and will be filled only from official or reputable sources. Some source links point to the publisher’s home page while exact page URLs are re-checked.

Research

Research by sector

Eight sector briefs with key numbers, timelines, projects and sources.

Country profiles

Trade and investment

Goods trade, investment vehicles and the UAE–Israel CEPA.

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Tourism and flights

Direct routes, passenger numbers and visa arrangements.

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Technology and innovation

Investment offices, R&D partnerships and start-up ties.

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Security cooperation

Defence export data and regional security frameworks.

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Health

Hospital agreements, health MoUs and joint research.

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Education

University partnerships, exchanges and delegations.

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Culture and interfaith

Interfaith institutions, congresses and cultural programmes.

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Energy, water and climate

Energy, water and climate cooperation projects.

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Programmes

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Countering Extremism

Sourced facts on the Muslim Brotherhood’s ideology and the governments that have designated it.

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Dialogue & Coexistence

Building bridges through dialogue, education and shared values.

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Governance

Board

Being formed. Members are announced only once appointed and with their written consent.

Mandate and seats
Board appointments are in progress. Eight seats are open; members will be announced once appointed and with their consent.

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