Press and student kit

Glossary and resources for journalists and students.

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Glossary

Abraham Accords: The declarations and agreements that began with the Abraham Accords Declaration of 15 September 2020 (State Department).
Normalisation: The establishment of diplomatic, economic and other ordinary state-to-state relations, for example the Israel–Bahrain Joint Communiqué on "diplomatic, peaceful and friendly relations" (UN Treaty Series).
CEPA: Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement; the UAE–Israel CEPA has been in force since 1 April 2023 (NZ MFAT).
IHRA working definition: The non-legally binding definition of antisemitism adopted by the IHRA on 26 May 2016 (IHRA).
Muslim Brotherhood: A religio-political Islamist organisation founded in Egypt in 1928 (Britannica). The term refers to the organisation, not to Muslims.
FTO / SDGT: US designations: Foreign Terrorist Organization and Specially Designated Global Terrorist (Federal Register).
Document on Human Fraternity: The interfaith declaration signed in Abu Dhabi on 4 February 2019 (Holy See).

Key dates

15 Sep 2020: Abraham Accords Declaration signed; UAE–Israel relations established
18 Oct 2020: Israel–Bahrain Joint Communiqué
22 Dec 2020: Morocco–US–Israel Joint Declaration
6 Jan 2021: Sudan signs the Declaration
1 Apr 2023: UAE–Israel CEPA in force
6 Nov 2025: Kazakhstan announces its intention to join; signing pending

Sources for each date are on the timeline.

Official primary sources

How to cite us

Stand With Abraham, "[Page title]", [URL], accessed [date]. Please cite the original source we link as well. For data, cite the publisher (for example UN Comtrade or a statistics office) and the access date shown in our data file.

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